Orthographic¶

The orthographic projection is a perspective azimuthal projection centered around a given latitude and longitude.

Classification	Azimuthal
Available forms	Forward and inverse, spherical and ellipsoidal
Defined area	Global, although only one hemisphere can be seen at a time
Alias	ortho
Domain	2D
Input type	Geodetic coordinates
Output type	Projected coordinates

Note

Before PROJ 7.2, only the spherical formulation was implemented. If wanting to replicate PROJ < 7.2 results with newer versions, the ellipsoid must be forced to a sphere, for example by adding a +f=0 parameter.

This projection method corresponds to EPSG:9840.

Parameters¶

Note

All parameters for the projection are optional.

+lon_0=<value>¶

Longitude of projection center.

Defaults to 0.0.

Note

The default convention is to interpret this value as decimal degrees. To specify radians instead, follow the value with the "r" character.

Example: +lon_0=1.570796r

See Projection Units for more information.

+lat_0=<value>¶

Latitude of projection center.

Defaults to 0.0.

Note

The default convention is to interpret this value as decimal degrees. To specify radians instead, follow the value with the "r" character.

Example: +lat_0=1.570796r

See Projection Units for more information.

+ellps=<value>¶

The name of a built-in ellipsoid definition.

See Ellipsoids for more information, or execute proj -le for a list of built-in ellipsoid names.

Defaults to "GRS80".

+R=<value>¶

Radius of the sphere, given in meters. If used in conjunction with +ellps, +R takes precedence.

See Ellipsoid size parameters for more information.

+x_0=<value>¶

False easting, in meters.

Defaults to 0.0.

+y_0=<value>¶

False northing, in meters.

Defaults to 0.0.